SKIN PHYSIOLOGY

The skin is the largest sense organ of the body with a surface area of upto 2sqm. It continually regenerates itself during the life. This process becomes slow as we age up. Skin may be damaged in many forms like cut , burn etc.,

The skin helps to regulate the doby temperature by varying amonut of heat loss. The skin contians various sensory nerve endings to differentiate the various senses.

Layers of Skin

The four layers of the skin are

• Epidermis- outer layer of skin

• Basal cell layer- next layer

• Dermis- inner layer

Skin cells present in the first layer contain a strong structural protien called

keratin. New cells are formed by the repeated division of the cells present in the

last layer. Slowly the new cells push up to the skin. They continously replace the

worn out cells.

The dermis is made up of living cells and contain blood vessels, sense

receptors, sebaceous glands, sweat glands and hair follicles.

Sweat Glands

Sweat is the cooling agent of the body. The evaporation from skin causes the

loss of energy. About 1litre of prepirations are produced in a normal person. This

may increase in the summer and also depends on the health condition of an

individual. The main types of sweat gland are:

»Eccrine glands- They are found on entire skin except for eyelids. They secrete

water and salts directly on to the skin surface.

»Apocrine glands- They become active only at puberty. They are found on hair

bearing skin mainly on the armpits, groin, nipples and scalp. They produce the

sweat on to the hair follices rather than onto the surface of skin.

Sweating Problems

Excessive sweating occurs when the metabolic rate is too high. This leads to

overreactivity of the sweat glands.

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